Electromagnetic Wave in a Medium Calculator (Maxwell)
Phase velocity, wavelength, intrinsic impedance, attenuation and skin depth of a plane wave in a dielectric or conducting medium.
How to use the Electromagnetic Wave in a Medium Calculator
- Enter or select: Frequency f, Relative permittivity εr, Relative permeability μr, Conductivity σ.
- The results (Loss tangent σ/(ωε), Medium, Phase velocity, Wavelength, |Intrinsic impedance|, Attenuation α, Phase constant β, Attenuation, Skin depth δ = 1/α) are calculated instantly as you type.
- Use “Copy link” to share the calculation with the same input values.
Formula
- ∇×E = −∂B/∂t, ∇×H = J + ∂D/∂t
- γ = α + jβ = jω√(με)·√(1 − jσ/ωε)
- |η| = √(μ/ε) / (1 + (σ/ωε)²)^¼
- δ = 1/α (≈ 1/√(πfμσ) in a good conductor)